,
Nganou-Gnindjio Chris Nadege,
Mintom Pierre,
Ebene Manon,
Ndobo Valerie,
Boombhi Jerome,
Kuate Mfeukeu Liliane,
Ndongo Amougou Sylvie Laure,
Hamadou BA,
Menanga Alain Patrick
Background: Hyponatremia is a very frequent abnormality amongst patients with Heart failure (HF) and significantly increases the morbidity and length of hospital stays amongst these patients. There is limited data on the epidemiology of this condition in sub-Saharan countries like Cameroon. This study therefore seeks to estimate the prevalence of hyponatremia amongst patients admitted for HF in 2 university hospitals in Cameroon. Methods: A hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in two University Hospital in Yaounde; Cameroon on patient files of patients admitted for HF from January 2021 to January 2022. A total of 107 participants were included using exhaustive sampling. Data were obtained from the patients’ medical records and analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Frequencies were expressed as percentage (%) and continuous variables were presented as mean ± standard deviation. Comparison of categorical variables was done using the Chi-square tests. Results: A total of 184 patients were admitted for HF decompensations in the study period. Of these, 132 files were available but only 107 patient files met inclusion criteria. The female sex predominated in this study (55.1%) with a sex ratio (M/F) of 0.77. The majority of patients in this study were elderly patients with a mean age of 61.3±17.1 years and the age range of 70 years and above being the most frequent (31.8%). The prevalence of hyponatremia in this study was 32.7% dominated by mild hyponatremia (22.4%) followed by moderate (5.6%) and severe (2.8%) hyponatremia. The mean serum sodium level was 36.98 ± 5.24 mEq/l with extreme values of 122.0mEq/l and 148mEq/l. More than half of the participants in this study had a previous diagnosis of hypertension (53.3%) while 16.3% had diabetes mellitus. The most common etiologies for HF in our study were hypertensive cardiopathy (43.9%) and dilated cardiopathies (32.7%). Ischemic cardiopathies made up only 9.3% of etiologies in this study. 64.5% of participants were classified as NYHA class IV on admission. The predominant clinical manifestations at admission were dyspnea (92.5%) followed by pedal edema (76.6%) and pulmonary congestion (54.2%). One tenth of patients presented in a state of cardiogenic shock (10.3%). 45.8% of participants presented an anemia on complete blood count (Hb<12g/dl) while 38.3% had renal dysfunction (eGFR<60ml/min/1.73m2). Conclusion: Hyponatremia is very frequent amongst patients admitted for HF affecting about a third of patients. Despite this high prevalence, the vast majority of cases are mild with very few patients presenting with severe hyponatremia.
| Published in | Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research (Volume 9, Issue 4) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ccr.20250904.18 |
| Page(s) | 167-171 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Hyponatremia, Heart Failure, Subsaharan
Variables | Total | % |
|---|---|---|
Age Ranges (Years) | ||
[20-30] | 6 | 5,6 |
[30-40] | 7 | 6,5 |
[40-50] | 13 | 12,1 |
[50-60] | 18 | 16,8 |
[60-70] | 29 | 27,1 |
≥ 70 | 34 | 31,8 |
Sex | ||
Male | 48 | 44,9 |
Female | 59 | 55,1 |
Comorbidities | Total | % |
|---|---|---|
No comorbidity | 47 | 43,9 |
Hypertension | 57 | 53,3 |
Diabetes | 18 | 16,3 |
HIV | 1 | 0,9 |
Etiologies of HF | Total | % |
|---|---|---|
Hypertensive Cardiopathy | 47 | 43,9 |
Dilated Cardiopathy | 35 | 32,7 |
Arrhythmogenic Cardiopathy | 26 | 24,3 |
Valvulopathies | 15 | 14,0 |
Ischemic Cardiopathy | 10 | 9,3 |
Idiopathic Cardiopathy | 3 | 2,8 |
Rheumatic Heart Disease | 2 | 1,9 |
Cor pulmonale | 2 | 1,9 |
Variables | Total | % |
|---|---|---|
BP Values | ||
Normal | 64 | 59.8 |
HTN grade I | 19 | 17,8 |
HTN grade II | 15 | 14,0 |
HTN grade III | 9 | 8,4 |
Signs of HF | ||
Signs of RHF | 105 | 98,1 |
Signs of LHF | 101 | 94,4 |
NYHA Classification of HF | ||
Stage II | 3 | 2,8 |
Stage III | 35 | 32,7 |
Stage IV | 69 | 64,5 |
LVEF (%) | ||
Conserved (≥ 50) | 27 | 25,2 |
Moderately Reduced [40-50] | 18 | 16,8 |
Reduced (< 40) | 62 | 57,9 |
CHF | Chronic Heart Failure |
eGFR | Estimated Golomerular Filtration Rate |
F | Female |
HF | Heart Failure |
Hb | Haemoglobin |
LVH | Left Ventricule Hypertrophy |
M | Male |
mEq/l | Milliequivalent/Liter |
NYHA | New York Heart Association |
SIADH | Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Secretion Hormone |
SPSS | Statistical Package for Social Sciences |
YCH | Yaoundé Central Hospital |
YGH | Yaoundé General Hospital |
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APA Style
Amalia, O., Nadege, N. C., Jonas, M., Bill, L., Pierre, M., et al. (2025). Prevalence of Hyponatremia Amongst Patients with Heart Failure in Two Sub-Saharan Hospitals: Cross-sectional Study. Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research, 9(4), 167-171. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ccr.20250904.18
ACS Style
Amalia, O.; Nadege, N. C.; Jonas, M.; Bill, L.; Pierre, M., et al. Prevalence of Hyponatremia Amongst Patients with Heart Failure in Two Sub-Saharan Hospitals: Cross-sectional Study. Cardiol. Cardiovasc. Res. 2025, 9(4), 167-171. doi: 10.11648/j.ccr.20250904.18
AMA Style
Amalia O, Nadege NC, Jonas M, Bill L, Pierre M, et al. Prevalence of Hyponatremia Amongst Patients with Heart Failure in Two Sub-Saharan Hospitals: Cross-sectional Study. Cardiol Cardiovasc Res. 2025;9(4):167-171. doi: 10.11648/j.ccr.20250904.18
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ccr.20250904.18,
author = {Owona Amalia and Nganou-Gnindjio Chris Nadege and Mbouombouo Jonas and Lom Bill and Mintom Pierre and Ebene Manon and Ndobo Valerie and Boombhi Jerome and Kuate Mfeukeu Liliane and Ndongo Amougou Sylvie Laure and Hamadou BA and Menanga Alain Patrick},
title = {Prevalence of Hyponatremia Amongst Patients with Heart Failure in Two Sub-Saharan Hospitals: Cross-sectional Study},
journal = {Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research},
volume = {9},
number = {4},
pages = {167-171},
doi = {10.11648/j.ccr.20250904.18},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ccr.20250904.18},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ccr.20250904.18},
abstract = {Background: Hyponatremia is a very frequent abnormality amongst patients with Heart failure (HF) and significantly increases the morbidity and length of hospital stays amongst these patients. There is limited data on the epidemiology of this condition in sub-Saharan countries like Cameroon. This study therefore seeks to estimate the prevalence of hyponatremia amongst patients admitted for HF in 2 university hospitals in Cameroon. Methods: A hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in two University Hospital in Yaounde; Cameroon on patient files of patients admitted for HF from January 2021 to January 2022. A total of 107 participants were included using exhaustive sampling. Data were obtained from the patients’ medical records and analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Frequencies were expressed as percentage (%) and continuous variables were presented as mean ± standard deviation. Comparison of categorical variables was done using the Chi-square tests. Results: A total of 184 patients were admitted for HF decompensations in the study period. Of these, 132 files were available but only 107 patient files met inclusion criteria. The female sex predominated in this study (55.1%) with a sex ratio (M/F) of 0.77. The majority of patients in this study were elderly patients with a mean age of 61.3±17.1 years and the age range of 70 years and above being the most frequent (31.8%). The prevalence of hyponatremia in this study was 32.7% dominated by mild hyponatremia (22.4%) followed by moderate (5.6%) and severe (2.8%) hyponatremia. The mean serum sodium level was 36.98 ± 5.24 mEq/l with extreme values of 122.0mEq/l and 148mEq/l. More than half of the participants in this study had a previous diagnosis of hypertension (53.3%) while 16.3% had diabetes mellitus. The most common etiologies for HF in our study were hypertensive cardiopathy (43.9%) and dilated cardiopathies (32.7%). Ischemic cardiopathies made up only 9.3% of etiologies in this study. 64.5% of participants were classified as NYHA class IV on admission. The predominant clinical manifestations at admission were dyspnea (92.5%) followed by pedal edema (76.6%) and pulmonary congestion (54.2%). One tenth of patients presented in a state of cardiogenic shock (10.3%). 45.8% of participants presented an anemia on complete blood count (Hb2). Conclusion: Hyponatremia is very frequent amongst patients admitted for HF affecting about a third of patients. Despite this high prevalence, the vast majority of cases are mild with very few patients presenting with severe hyponatremia.},
year = {2025}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of Hyponatremia Amongst Patients with Heart Failure in Two Sub-Saharan Hospitals: Cross-sectional Study AU - Owona Amalia AU - Nganou-Gnindjio Chris Nadege AU - Mbouombouo Jonas AU - Lom Bill AU - Mintom Pierre AU - Ebene Manon AU - Ndobo Valerie AU - Boombhi Jerome AU - Kuate Mfeukeu Liliane AU - Ndongo Amougou Sylvie Laure AU - Hamadou BA AU - Menanga Alain Patrick Y1 - 2025/12/09 PY - 2025 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ccr.20250904.18 DO - 10.11648/j.ccr.20250904.18 T2 - Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research JF - Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research JO - Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research SP - 167 EP - 171 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2578-8914 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ccr.20250904.18 AB - Background: Hyponatremia is a very frequent abnormality amongst patients with Heart failure (HF) and significantly increases the morbidity and length of hospital stays amongst these patients. There is limited data on the epidemiology of this condition in sub-Saharan countries like Cameroon. This study therefore seeks to estimate the prevalence of hyponatremia amongst patients admitted for HF in 2 university hospitals in Cameroon. Methods: A hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in two University Hospital in Yaounde; Cameroon on patient files of patients admitted for HF from January 2021 to January 2022. A total of 107 participants were included using exhaustive sampling. Data were obtained from the patients’ medical records and analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Frequencies were expressed as percentage (%) and continuous variables were presented as mean ± standard deviation. Comparison of categorical variables was done using the Chi-square tests. Results: A total of 184 patients were admitted for HF decompensations in the study period. Of these, 132 files were available but only 107 patient files met inclusion criteria. The female sex predominated in this study (55.1%) with a sex ratio (M/F) of 0.77. The majority of patients in this study were elderly patients with a mean age of 61.3±17.1 years and the age range of 70 years and above being the most frequent (31.8%). The prevalence of hyponatremia in this study was 32.7% dominated by mild hyponatremia (22.4%) followed by moderate (5.6%) and severe (2.8%) hyponatremia. The mean serum sodium level was 36.98 ± 5.24 mEq/l with extreme values of 122.0mEq/l and 148mEq/l. More than half of the participants in this study had a previous diagnosis of hypertension (53.3%) while 16.3% had diabetes mellitus. The most common etiologies for HF in our study were hypertensive cardiopathy (43.9%) and dilated cardiopathies (32.7%). Ischemic cardiopathies made up only 9.3% of etiologies in this study. 64.5% of participants were classified as NYHA class IV on admission. The predominant clinical manifestations at admission were dyspnea (92.5%) followed by pedal edema (76.6%) and pulmonary congestion (54.2%). One tenth of patients presented in a state of cardiogenic shock (10.3%). 45.8% of participants presented an anemia on complete blood count (Hb2). Conclusion: Hyponatremia is very frequent amongst patients admitted for HF affecting about a third of patients. Despite this high prevalence, the vast majority of cases are mild with very few patients presenting with severe hyponatremia. VL - 9 IS - 4 ER -
Department of Internal Medicine and Subspecialities, Yaounde General Hospital, Yaounde, Cameroon;Department of Internal Medicine and Subspecialities, The University of Yaound I, Yaounde, Cameroon
Cardiology Unit, Yaounde University Teaching Hospital, Yaounde, Cameroon;Department of Internal Medicine and Subspecialities, The University of Yaound I, Yaounde, Cameroon
Department of Internal Medicine and Subspecialities, Yaounde General Hospital, Yaounde, Cameroon;Department of Internal Medicine and Subspecialities, The University of Yaound I, Yaounde, Cameroon
Cardiology Unit, Yaounde Central Hospital, Yaounde, Cameroon;Department of Internal Medicine and Subspecialities, The University of Yaound I, Yaounde, Cameroon
Cardiology Unit, Yaounde Central Hospital, Yaounde, Cameroon;Department of Internal Medicine and Subspecialities, The University of Yaound I, Yaounde, Cameroon
Department of Internal Medicine and Subspecialities, Yaounde General Hospital, Yaounde, Cameroon;Department of Internal Medicine and Subspecialities, The University of Yaound I, Yaounde, Cameroon
Cardiology Unit, Yaounde Central Hospital, Yaounde, Cameroon;Department of Internal Medicine and Subspecialities, The University of Yaound I, Yaounde, Cameroon
Cardiology Unit, Yaounde University Teaching Hospital, Yaounde, Cameroon;Department of Internal Medicine and Subspecialities, The University of Yaound I, Yaounde, Cameroon
Cardiology Unit, Garoua General Hospital, Yaounde, Cameroon;Department of Internal Medicine and Subspecialities, The University of Yaound I, Yaounde, Cameroon
Department of Internal Medicine and Subspecialities, Yaounde General Hospital, Yaounde, Cameroon;Department of Internal Medicine and Subspecialities, The University of Yaound I, Yaounde, Cameroon
